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- <text id=93TT1856>
- <title>
- June 07, 1993: Never, Never, Never
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1993
- Jun. 07, 1993 The Incredible Shrinking President
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- SOUTH AFRICA, Page 36
- Never, Never, Never
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p>The white right wing vows to fight to the death against black
- majority rule--or create an independent state
- </p>
- <p>By SCOTT MACLEOD/JOHANNESBURG
- </p>
- <p> Major General P.H. ("Tienie") Groenewald, retired chief of
- military intelligence, has only contempt for the President he
- calls "the biggest traitor we have ever had." For 35 years Groenewald
- was a faithful servant of the state, fighting apartheid's war
- against the revolutionaries of the African National Congress.
- Now, thanks to the concessionary policies of F.W. de Klerk,
- his enemy is the government itself, likely to be taken over
- soon by the leaders of the A.N.C. "For the first time, we really
- realize that we are in trouble," he said. "De Klerk and the
- A.N.C. have said, `Unless you accept the path plotted by us,
- we will ignore you.' This is what annoys us. We will not be
- ignored."
- </p>
- <p> In the past month, as a political settlement ending decades
- of apartheid has inched within reach, Afrikaner and other militants
- have stepped up their resistance to the prospect of black majority
- rule. This is no mere wagon-circling exercise. This month a
- member of the neofascist Afrikaner Resistance Movement will
- stand trial for the April assassination of Chris Hani, leader
- of the South African Communist Party and a popular top official
- of the A.N.C. Two prominent right-wing Conservative Party officials
- will be tried as co-conspirators in the murder. Meanwhile, Groenewald
- and three other former generals have come out of retirement
- to form a coalition of right-wing groups, the Afrikaner Volksfront.
- </p>
- <p> South Africans have often been tempted to laugh off the far
- right as characters out of a comic opera. No longer. Rather
- than bowing grudgingly to the inevitable, many Afrikaners have
- grown more desperate. The militants are threatening to employ
- the same revolutionary tactics once practiced by black liberation
- groups: civil disobedience and guerrilla warfare. In the worst-case
- scenario, the result could be an all-out race conflict. "If
- they want war, let them start war," retorted a black caller
- to the Citizen, a conservative Johannesburg newspaper. "We are
- longing for it."
- </p>
- <p> The diehard right is alarmed at the very real prospect that
- in the coming month the government and the A.N.C. will reach
- a landmark accord. This week negotiators from 26 parties are
- expected to set the long-awaited date for South Africa's first
- free nonracial elections. That poll, expected to take place
- by next April, could elect Mandela President in a government
- of national unity. The Transitional Executive Council, the first
- stage of nonracial interim government, could be in place within
- the next few months.
- </p>
- <p> The so-called Committee of Generals, made up of recently retired
- hard-liners from the South African Defense Force and police,
- is not about to let that transition happen. Their bid to unite
- feuding right-wing groups--three parties and as many as 179
- paramilitary and cultural organizations--has brought together
- conservative white farmers, Afrikaners trying to preserve their
- cultural heritage, English-speaking racists and out-and-out
- fascists.
- </p>
- <p> Groenewald says the Volksfront's purpose is to back up demands
- in the current negotiations for an independent white state comprising
- about 16% of South Africa's territory. It would correspond roughly
- to the old Boer republics of the Transvaal and Orange Free State,
- which became part of the Union of South Africa in 1910. Neither
- De Klerk nor Mandela will accept such a state, since it would
- require the forced removal of millions of blacks or a return
- to apartheid-style discrimination against them.
- </p>
- <p> Initially the Volksfront will employ mass-action tactics such
- as protest marches and labor strikes led by white unions. If
- the main parties persist in forming a transitional government,
- warned Groenewald, that could force whites to secede from South
- Africa. He refused to rule out leading an insurrection. It is
- an open question, he added, whether white-led government security
- forces would obey orders to suppress a white rebellion. That
- prospect worries many. Last week De Klerk acknowledged that
- he was only informed after the fact when the police cracked
- down on the militant Pan Africanist Congress and arrested 73
- of its leaders. This move nearly threw negotiations off course
- again.
- </p>
- <p> Despite the threats, it is far from clear how many whites could
- be mobilized to fight a new Boer war. Experts estimate that
- committed right-wing paramilitary activists may number no more
- than 5,000. Many members of the Conservative Party, which opposes
- reforms, would probably quit if leaders advocated violence,
- especially if a political settlement gave assurances that white
- as well as black ethnic groups could maintain control over their
- language, religion and customs. That might leave only a handful
- of diehards to initiate an Irish Republican Army-style terror
- campaign.
- </p>
- <p> Barring some dramatic turn of events, time for the far right
- is running out. The setting of an election date should significantly
- strengthen the country's growing political center. With progress
- like that, the diehards may be no match for the majority of
- South Africans, including most whites, who want to put apartheid--and conflict--behind them.
- </p>
-
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
-
-